Clinical Trial: 3D-Printed CPAP Masks for Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Study Status: Recruiting
Recruit Status: Recruiting
Study Type: Interventional

Official Title: Personalized Three-Dimensionally Printed CPAP Masks for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Therapy in Children With Craniofacial Anomalies

Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether patient-specific computer-aided design (CAD) and three-dimensional (3D) printing can be utilized to produce personalized, effective continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) masks for children with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and craniofacial anomalies who encounter significant difficulty using CPAP because of poorly fitting masks despite exhausting available commercial mask options.

Detailed Summary:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common problem in the general pediatric population, generally cited as between 1-5%, with morbidity ranging from daytime behavioral problems and inattention to cardiopulmonary effects including hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy. OSA is dramatically more prevalent among children with certain craniofacial anomalies and syndromes (e.g. Pierre-Robin, Treacher Collins, etc.), generally because of small, short jaws, midface hypoplasia, and/or disproportionally large tongues . While tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy is considered first line therapy for OSA in the general pediatric population, children with OSA due to craniofacial anomalies frequently require more aggressive intervention to improve their breathing at night, which often includes continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (CPAP). Most children who require CPAP therapy are able to find a mask that will adequately seal while providing acceptable comfort, however a small percentage of children encounter significant difficulty finding a functional CPAP interface, most often because of dysmorphic facial features. This can prove a significant barrier to effective CPAP therapy and lead to frustration on the part of patients' caregivers and providers, as well as the associated morbidity of untreated severe OSA. The purpose of this feasibility study is to investigate the use of patient-specific computational design and three-dimensional (3D) printing to produce personalized CPAP masks for children intolerant of standard CPAP masks due to poor fit secondary to craniofacial anomalies who encounter significant difficulty using CPAP because of poorly fitting masks despite exhausting available commercial mask options.

Study Design

This will be a prospective case study examining the feasibility of using patient-specific CAD and 3D print
Sponsor: Robert J. Morrison, MD

Current Primary Outcome:

  • Change in CPAP Compliance at 1 month [ Time Frame: 1 month ]
    Subject CPAP usage data will be downloaded from their CPAP machine before beginning the use to personalized mask (baseline) and after 1 month of consistent use of the personalized mask (1 month post-intervention). Average hours usage will be recorded and compared between baseline CPAP usage data and 1 month post-intervention CPAP usage data to assess efficacy of the personalized mask compared to the best prior alternative. Outcome will be measured as a numerical value in hours per night.
  • Change in CPAP Leak Rate at 1 month [ Time Frame: 1 month ]
    Subject CPAP usage data will be downloaded from their CPAP machine before beginning the use to personalized mask (baseline) and after 1 month of consistent use of the personalized mask (1 month post-intervention). Leak in liters per minute will be recorded and compared between baseline CPAP usage data and 1 month post-intervention CPAP usage data to assess efficacy of the personalized mask compared to the best prior alternative. Outcome will be measured as a numerical value in liters per minute.
  • Change in residual AHI on CPAP at 1 month [ Time Frame: 1 month ]
    Subject CPAP usage data will be downloaded from their CPAP machine before beginning the use to personalized mask (baseline) and after 1 month of consistent use of the personalized mask (1 month post-intervention). Residual apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) will be recorded and compared between baseline CPAP usage data and 1 month post-intervention CPAP usage data to assess efficacy of the personalized mask compared to the best prior alternative. Outcome will be measured as a

    Original Primary Outcome: Same as current

    Current Secondary Outcome:

    • Change in Quality of Life via OSA-18 questionnaire [ Time Frame: 1 month ]
      Subject's parents or legal guardians will complete OSA-18 questionnaire (validated OSA quality of of life questionnaires) pre-intervention (baseline) and at 1-month post-intervention. These will be compared to assess effect on quality of life of the interventional device. Outcome will be measured as a numerical value as sum of all question value responses.
    • Safety outcomes: Comfort at baseline [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
      Subjects will be assessed clinically when first wearing the interventional device to ensure there are no issues with device fit, comfort, or undue forces on the face. Outcome will be measured as a binary numerical value with 0 denoting no issues with comfort and 1 denoting issues with comfort.
    • Safety outcomes: Comfort at 1 month [ Time Frame: 1 month ]
      Subjects will be assessed clinically after using the personalized mask consistently for 1 month at home to ensure there are no issues with device fit, comfort or undue forces on the face. Subject's parents or legal guardians are instructed to contact the study team for earlier follow-up at anytime if any concerns about device fit or use occur. Outcome will be measured as a binary numerical value with 0 denoting no issues with comfort and 1 denoting issues with comfort.
    • Safety outcomes: Skin reaction at 1 month [ Time Frame: 1 month ]
      Subjects will be assessed clinically after using the personalized mask consistently for 1 month at home to ensure there are no issues with skin reaction or breakdown on the face. Subject's parents or legal guardians are instructed to contact the study team for earlier follow-up at anytime if any concerns about device fit or use occur. Outcome will be measured as a binary numerical value with 0 denoting no issues with skin reaction and 1 denoting issues with skin reaction.
    • Change in Quality of Life via PSQ questionnaire [ Time Frame: 1 month ]
      Subject's parents or legal guardians will complete PSQ questionnaire (validated OSA quality of of life questionnaires) pre-intervention (baseline) and at 1-month post-intervention. These will be compared to assess effect on quality of life of the interventional device. Outcome will be measured as a numerical value as sum of all question value responses.
    • Safety outcomes: durability at 1 month [ Time Frame: 1 month ]
      Subjects will be assessed clinically after using the personalized mask consistently for 1 month at home to ensure there are no issues with excessive wear or tear of the personalized mask. Subject's parents or legal guardians are instructed to contact the study team for earlier follow-up at anytime if any concerns about device fit or use occur. Outcome will be measured as a binary numerical value with 0 denoting no issues with durability and 1 denoting issues with durability.
    • Safety outcomes: Skin reaction at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
      Subjects will be assessed clinically after using the personalized mask consistently for 12 months at home to ensure there are no issues with skin reaction or breakdown on the face. Subject's parents or legal guardians are instructed to contact the study team for earlier follow-up at anytime if any concerns about device fit or use occur. Outcome will be measured as a binary numerical value with 0 denoting no issues with skin reaction and 1 denoting issues with skin reaction.
    • Safety outcomes: Durability at 12 months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]
      Subjects will be assessed clinically after using the personalized mask consistently for 12 months at home to ensure there are no issues with excessive wear or tear of the personalized mask. Subject's parents or legal guardians are instructed to contact the study team for earlier follow-up at anytime if any concerns about device fit or use occur. Outcome will be measured as a binary numerical value with 0 denoting no issues with durability and 1 denoting issues with durability.


    Original Secondary Outcome: Same as current

    Information By: University of Michigan

    Dates:
    Date Received: September 29, 2014
    Date Started: September 2013
    Date Completion: December 2016
    Last Updated: June 27, 2016
    Last Verified: June 2016